An Optimization-Based Model for A Hybrid Photovoltaic-Hydrogen Storage System for Agricultural Operations in Saudi Arabia

Renewable energy technologies and resources, particularly solar photovoltaic systems, provide cost-effective environmentally friendly solutions for meeting the demand electricity. The design of such systems is a critical task, as it has significant impact on overall cost system. In this paper, mixed-integer linear programming-based model proposed designing an integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen renewable system to minimize total life costs one Saudi Arabia’s most important fields, greenhouse farm. aim determine number (PV) modules, amount hydrogen accumulated over time, tanks. addition, binary decision variables are used describe either-or decisions tank charging discharging. To solve developed model, exact approach embedded in general algebraic modeling System (GAMS) software was utilized. validated using farm consisting 20 greenhouses, worker-housing area, water desalination station with hourly demand. findings revealed that 1094 PV panels 1554 storage tanks required meet farm’s load results indicated annual $228,234, levelized (LCOE) 0.12 $/kWh. On other hand, reduced carbon dioxide emissions 882 tons per year. These demonstrated viability integrating electrolyzer, fuel cell, system; nevertheless, produced remains high due capital cost. Moreover, technology can be solution when production variable, well applications, industrial, residential, transportation sectors. Furthermore, feasibility employing source agricultural operations.